Letter to Your Parents about Programme Activity

Write a letter to your parents about the programme which you had attended as part of your SUPW activity in your college.

Sector-13, Kandivali, Mumbai.

15, August, 2008.

Dear mom and dad,

I am writing this letter to you as I want to share my rare experiences with you.

As a part of the SUPW. activity, we had been to the village Bhojpur, which is on the way to

Mathura. The village has an orphanage with 50 other students. They are visually, mentally and physically impaired. We went there to wish them a happy Dusshera. As a token of love, we prepared sweets and cutlets in the orphanage and distributed among them. Many of them rejoiced. They came forward to offer their help. Really mother! It was a tremendous pleasure to see their happy smiles. No mumbling, no crying, but simple joy! A lesson to learn that happiness is so cheap to buy!

The education we received here is more useful than my engineering education. I have decided to help at least one handicapped person everyday. Mother, I suddenly recalled your oft-quoted words, “Service is the best form of worship of God”. Now I have realised that service gives contentment and inner peace.

Please reply immediately.

With love and regards,

Yours lovingly,

Akanksha.

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letter to your Branch Manager For Leave

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What is the next step for Economic Growth

Dear Reader, 
                      We are posting latest topic for SBI PO Descriptive Exam 2015. Which will be help for Essay and Reading Comprehension.

The gloom over economic growth appears to have dissipated a bit after the new numbers on National Income were released at the end of January 2015. However, there is continued scepticism about the numbers as several analysts feel that they are not in accord with the ground realities. According to the advanced estimates for 2014-15, the growth rate is projected at 7.4 per cent. What are the prospects for 2015-16? We do not have the data for past years reworked on the new base and the new methodology, and without such a time series it becomes hard to forecast. Perhaps, 2015-16 will be a shade better than 2014-15, if all the positive factors mentioned later come together. However, it will fall short of the Budget expectations of eight per cent.

Favourable factors and uncertainty

What are the favourable factors that can contribute to a better performance of the economy in 2015-16? First and foremost, there is the advantage of low crude oil prices. This will not only reduce the oil import bill and impact favourably on the current account balance, but will also moderate the price increase in general because petroleum products are used in the production of almost every commodity and service. Second, the credit rating agency, Moody’s decision to upgrade the outlook to “positive” may facilitate the inflow of capital. Though the recovery of the advanced economies is still tepid, the external environment as far as India is concerned may be benign. On the domestic front, there are signs of a gradual improvement in the investment “sentiment”.

Still, there are several unfavourable or uncertain factors, chief among them being the uncertainty about the monsoon. We have not yet seen the full impact of the unseasonal rains of the last few months. The damage to crops has been extensive in several States and the natural consequence will be some pick up in food prices. Initial reports indicate that rainfall this time will be below normal. The impact on production will depend not only on the quantum of rainfall but also on its distribution over time and across States. Even though agriculture contributes only about 15 per cent to the GDP, any shortfall in agricultural production has serious implications. It fuels inflation and human distress is high as more than 50 per cent of the population depends on agriculture. Second, the several initiatives promised in the Budget will have the desired impact only if they are implemented speedily and effectively. For example, take the increased allocation of funds for railways and roads. Are these ministries adequately prepared to utilise these funds? Some of the initiatives such as the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund and Mudra Bank will take time to be set up and for their impact to be felt.

Role of public investment

The Economic Survey has persuasively argued for larger public investment at a time when private investment is yet to pick up. The same point was made by the Report of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister in September 2013, that said: “The focused attention that is being given to achieving the production and capacity creation targets in coal, power, road and railways should generate higher growth. In effect, the public sector would act as the driver of growth and crowd in private sector activities”. It is to be noted that capital expenditures of the Central government in the Budget are not significant. Capital expenditures are also not synonymous with investment. While capital expenditures in 2015-16 show an increase over the revised estimates of 2014-15, as a proportion of GDP, they remain the same as in the Budget estimate of 2014-15, i.e. at 1.7 per cent of GDP. In fact, the bulk of the investment has to come from public sector institutions such as Coal India and the Indian Railways. What is needed is for the government to come out with a statement regarding the quantum of investment that will be made by the various public sector institutions. This should be monitored every quarter and the actual investments made should be made public. Apart from making the government accountable, this will inspire confidence in investors.

The new initiatives

For raising the growth rate, the government relies on many of the initiatives announced in the Budget. Several of them need clarification and refinement. For example, how will the National Investment in Infrastructure Fund operate? Will it take the form of a trust or a non-banking financial company (NBFC)? The word “trust” was used in the Budget speech. The sooner the details are spelled out, the better it will be. Take another idea, of the Mudra Bank. To call the institution a “bank” will be incorrect if it is only to be a refinancing institution. Which are the last mile finance institutions which will be refinanced by this institution? Apparently, this institution will have to rely totally on Budget allocation. The idea of a refinancing institution is good but, once again, the details need to be spelled out. In fact, in this context, perhaps the best way to promote investment in the large-, medium- and small-scale sector is to go back to the days when we had development banks which provided long-term finance to large, medium and small industries. At the national level, the IDBI (Industrial Development Bank of India of that time) played a major role. At the State level, State finance corporations operated to provide long-term finance to medium and small enterprises. The development banks became universal banks and in that process we have lost out on long-term finance. Even the new initiative of allowing commercial banks to raise infrastructure bonds may not be adequate. Very soon, they will reach the limits of exposure with respect to industries and groups. And, it is also difficult to have firewalls separating short term from long-term credit. While the new ideas promoted in the Budget are welcome, it is time to think in terms of creating long-term finance institutions to provide equity and long-term loans to large and medium industries.

‘Stalled’ projects and consensus

The easiest way to achieve higher growth in the short run is to ensure that the projects that are under way are completed in time so that output will flow out of them. India’s investment rate as a proportion of GDP has come down from the peak it had reached in 2007-08. Nevertheless, it is still around 32 per cent. In normal circumstances, this should have given us a growth of 7.5 to 8 per cent. But the actual growth rate was below it. The decline in output growth is sharper than the decline in investment rate. This may be because of the delay in the completion of projects or a lack of complementary investments. In some cases, it can also be due to non-availability of critical inputs such as coal and power. The Economic Survey has examined in detail the causes behind “stalled” projects. The reasons include not only delay in clearances and permits but also decline in demand and lack of finance. The analysis also shows that clearing the top 100 projects by value will address 83 per cent of the problem of stalled projects. Focussed attention on removing the bottlenecks will give one an immediate pay off.

Strong economic growth is imperative as growth is the answer to many of our socio-economic problems. Prospects for a rise in growth rate in the immediate future appear to be bright. This depends critically on implementing, in a time-bound manner, the various initiatives announced in the Budget. Public investment is directly in the hands of the government. A continuous progress report regarding the performance in this area will go a long way in building up confidence. What is needed is a timetable of action. It is important that non-economic factors are not allowed to derail the process of economic growth. Contentious issues must be avoided and consensus building on key economic issues is very much the need of the hour.

Note: This article may be ask in upcoming exam like as an Essay, Reading Comprehension.This is latest and most important topic.

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Formal Letter For cancellation of a Cheque

A letter to the Branch Manager to State Bank of India, Dhanbad Brach requesting him to cancel the cheque giving due reasons for this.

Deepak Verma,

Wazir Hasan Road,

Lucknow.

25the October 2013.

The Branch Manager

State Bank of India

Dhanbad Branch

Sub: About cancellation of a Cheque

Sir,

A bearer cheque fo Rs. 20,000/- with MICR .......... to be drawn from the A/C ........... and to be

paid to Mr........... dated ........../12 is lost.

I therefore, request you to cancel it without delay so that it may not be encashed by a wrong

person.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,

Deepak Verma

Name:...........

A/C No...........

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SBI PO 2015 : letter to your Branch Manager For Leave

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SBI PO 2015 : letter to your Branch Manager For Leave

Hello Readers,

As we all know, SBI PO 2015 was announced for the post of Probationary Officer. So, we are presenting to an Formal Letter on

Write a leave letter to your Branch Manager.

ABC,

Canara Bank, R. K. Puram Branch

New Delhi-22

6 November, 2008.

Branch Manager,

Canara Bank, R. K. Puram Branch

New Delhi-22.

Subject- Application For leave

Sir,

As my mother is admitted in a hospital at Agra for an operation, I have to be with her. Hence, it

would not be possible for me to attend office for two weeks. Kindly grant me special permission

to take 15 days leave.

Thank you,

Yours Truly,

ABC

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Current Essay Topic For SBI Mains 2015

Monetary policy, before and after crisis

The Great Recession which set in in 2007-08 claimed several victims on its way. Global banks considered “too-big-to-fall” looked meek. There were the fanciful products (derivatives in varied forms) which were smokescreens to cover “risk.” Rating agencies lost their reputation.

The most pitiable victims were the central banks of advanced countries such as the U.S. Fed, ECB and the BOE which were entrusted with monetary policies. They were firm in their view that all that was required was to fine-tune the interest rates up or down, adjust the money/credit flows and the financial machine will take care of the rest, more like the clicks on computer boards. There was neglect of bank supervision which coincided with excessive financialisation across the globe. Even a week before the onset of the crisis, they believed that their financial markets had depth and would ‘correct’ soon. And now those central banks are battling against the crisis with “non-conventional” tools such as printing dollar notes, buying toxic assets and hoping the markets will recover.

Old polices have failed and there is a vibrant, new thinking on alternative approaches. There are the issues governing the links between fiscal and monetary policies. Dr. Y.V. Reddy, former Governor of the RBI, has devoted several lectures, articles and books on these issues. Many others like Andrew Sheng and Barry Eichengreen have come forward with their opinions. Monetary economics is not the same animal it was a decade ago.

It is truly a daunting task for any author to undertake a review of the “Conduct of Monetary Policy India” and its changing dimensions in the post-reform period. This is what the author of this book seeks to do.

Out of 10 chapters in this book, only two handle post-reform (rather post-crisis) issues. The chapter on monetary policy and inflation dynamics in India seeking to set the nub of the book is patchy and disjointed. It flits from one theoretical issue to another without due analysis or links with India. For instance, it makes contradictory statements on the validity of the Philips curve. It ends adding that inflation persistence in India is due to increasing openness which is contrary to cross-country experience. At the same breadth, he adds that the Philips curve has become flatter!

Chapter three provides a descriptive narration of the reforms in the financial sector. Much of it relies on the earlier Chakravarty Committee Report and the two Narasimham Committee Reports. It takes the official (RBI/Government) view that these have deepened the Indian financial system. There are those who feel that they only scratched the surface and did not create a vibrant private sector market in the financial sector. These include Dr. Raghuram Rajan and Dr. Urjit Patel who are now with the RBI!

The chapter on structural changes and macro-economic issues is badly arranged. At one level, it deals with the inadequacy of monetary policy to cure regional disparities and at another, with the need for greater monetisation such as banking penetration. Later, it moves on to “growing globalisation of the Indian economy.”

Referring to the problems of managing inflows, he draws attention to the “Impossible Trinity”, the term coined by Robert Mundell which the author, sadly, attributes to Jeffrey Frankel! While dealing with this, he cites Dr. Reddy and his choosing “intermediate solutions.” There is only one more place where he gives credit to Dr. Reddy, that is, while dealing with the RBI’s policy of adopting “multiple objectives.” Dealing with India’s monetary policy in recent years without reference to Dr. Reddy is like staging Hamlet without the Prince of Denmark!

There is a scrappy chapter which tries to describe Global Developments, post-crisis. The author fails to narrate the heroic attempts made by the RBI in bailouts without compromising its balance sheet. He also fails to deal with the criticism laid out by economists like Arvind Subramanian, Chief Economic Adviser, that India paid a heavy price in later years.

In describing the monetary policy framework and the operational procedures, the author draws heavily on his experience in the RBI and gives a good account. His analysis of the working of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) is sound. However, he does not explain why, in recent years, it has met with heavy weather.

Central Bankers, other than those in advanced countries with deep financial markets and high degree of monetisation, feel that their tools become ineffective and are not being transmitted by the financial system. They spend lot of time and effort trying to find out why there is such poor transmission. They will not admit that the roots have to be traced to socio-cultural habits and they are not cured by reforms.

This book is ambitious. The author tries to bite more issues than he can chew. The chapters drawing on the author’s experience in the RBI and the government are sound. On the whole, the book has failed to rise to our expectations.

Read more »

SBI PO 2015 : Formal Letter Format

Dear Reader, We are posting Formal Letter Format and also presenting tips for witting a letter in exam. which will be help full for SBI PO Exam 2015.

The key to the success of the era of globalization is communication. And correspondence (letters) is perhaps the most important component of communication. Even in the age of modern technological innovations like e-mail, internet and long distance connectivity, letters still carry the maximum load of personal and business communication.

Whatever be the medium of carrying the message, the message has to be properly written to convey the required meaning and complete sense. One has liberty to write personal letters as one wants, but business or formal letters have to follow some norms in order to make appropriate impact.

What is the importance of letter writing ?

Letter writing is an important and effective tool. Letter writing helps you put something

concrete in hand on cumpuer that helps you iron out a position or reinforce something you may have talked about.

There are several types of letters – like application and appreciation, enquiries and requests, Complaint and Recommendation, Sales and Promotion, Welcome or Invitation letters. Mainly we have to study two types of letters. But we are talking about Formal Letter Format.

Formal Letters – They can be related to business, institution or educational purpose. The

format has to be followed while writing a formal letter.

Tips For write a letter:-

You must write good letters. And good letters come from careful writing as all literate people

reading your letter are surprisingly talented at quickly spotting errors or gaffes in the writing of other people. Here are some common tips –

• Keep paragraphs short, preferably fewer than five lines. Vary the length of your sentences. 
• And don’t be afraid to begin sentences with conjunctions (and, but, or). To emphasize a point, you can use a one – sentence paragraph.
• Think twice before using any adjectives or adverbs. Impress people with your nouns and verbs, not with decorations.
• Use a friendly, conversational tone. Also, keep it deferential.
• Show confidence but not arrogance.
• Avoid unclear phrases like “enclosed please find my resume for your perusal”. Be more creative than that.
• Avoid vague statements. Give specific statements : people will find it both refreshing and easy to understand.

There are mainly five points that have to be taken care of while writing a letter. These are-

(a) Heading

(b) The Salutation or courteous greetings

(c) Subject

(d) The Body of the letter – communication or the message

(e) The Subscription – courteous leave taking, or conclusion

(f) The Signature Name of the writer

(a) HEADING

Heading of a letter basically consists of Two Parts :-

(i) address of the writer followed by

(ii) the date on which the letter was written by him.

Heading can be written on the Right or Left (keep on changing with time-presently we follow the

convention of writing heading in the left corner) corner of the first page of the letter.

Examples of a Heading are

63, Vinay Colony

Delhi-160032

June 12, 2010

(b) SALUTATION

The Salutation in the letter will depend upon the depth of relationship of the Writer with the person

to whom the letter is being written, thus it varies from letter to letter.

Salutation is written at the left hand of the page, at a lower level the Heading. The first and last

word of the salutation are always started in Capital Letters (of alphabet).

Examples of the salutation are:

Formal Letters

1. To officials/Principal/Headmaster/Teachers

Sir,

Madam,

2. To Businessmen:-

Dear Sir,

Dear Sirs,

(c) Subject: 

After the salutation comes the subject line where you have to mention the purpose of the letter in short. Make sure that the subject line is in upper-case characters and is aligned either to the left or to the center.

(d) BODY

The body itself is considered as the life of the letter and the style in which it is written will depend

upon the kind of letter one wishes to write. Like, the style of the letter to be written will be entirely

different from the style of the letter to be written to an official and so on. But few points that one

has to keep in mind irrespective of the style while writing the body of the letter are-

Divide the letter into various paragraphs to mark changes of subject-matter etc.

Use simple and direct language in short sentences. It will make the message clear and to the

point. ˆ Always try to be complete. For this, think out what you want to say before beginning to write a letter; and put down all the point in logical manner.

(e) SUBSCRIPTION

The subscription of the letter i.e. the end should be according to the sharing of the letter. A letter

must not end abruptly as this would look rude. So certain forms of polite leave taking are prescribed

that should be written after the last words of the letter on the left hand side corner of the lines after

the body. It should start with a capital letter and end with a comma. Some examples of the

subscription of the letter of various kinds are:-

1. To Principal/Headquarter/Teacher etc: Yours obediently

2. To Officials/Businessmen: Yours faithfully,

3. To Strangers : Yours truly

Note : Never use apostrophe (‘) with ‘yours’ in the subscription (your’s is incorrect).

(f) SIGNATURE  

The signature of the writer of the letter should be below the subscription. In a letter to the stranger,

the signature should be clearly written so that he could know whom to address in reply.

Formal Letter Format:- With Example

Write a leave letter to your Branch Manager. Hiba, Canara Bank, R. K. Puram Branch

New Delhi-22

6 November, 2008.

Branch Manager,

Canara Bank, R. K. Puram Branch

New Delhi-22.

Sir,

As my mother is admitted in a hospital at Agra for an operation, I have to be with her. Hence, it

would not be possible for me to attend office for two weeks. Kindly grant me special permission

to take 15 days leave.

Thank you,

Yours Truly,

Malv

Read more »

Editorial on A Savage New World of Terrorism

The Islamist terror network has grown into a hydra-headed phenomenon. This has consequences far beyond the current arc of terrorist violence, which for the moment is confined to the regions of Asia and North Africa. But countries like India are already feeling the heat. Hence, counterterrorism agencies should not be lulled into complacency by assertions that India and Indian Muslims are insulated from, and therefore unlikely to be affected by, the new virus.

Like other viruses, this one too has several variants. The core theology remains the Saudi theologian, Abdul Wahab’s doctrinaire teachings, combined with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood icon, Syed Qutub’s nihilistic fanaticism. Previously, a liberal dose of Salafism had contributed to the lethal violence that characterised 20th century terrorism. Now, it is the advent of a new radical Islamist breed that is committed to the supremacy of faith, and a belief in exclusionist Islamic puritanism, that is likely to result in 21st century terrorism being remembered for the savagery it practices.

Newer and older outfits

The current levels of violence should not be regarded as a transient phenomenon. It might be recalled that in late 2013, American embassies in West Asia had to close down due to a realistic terror threat from the Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). Russia had to face terror attacks in quick succession in the run-up to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Ever since the “Caucasian Caliphate” came into existence some years ago, Russia has witnessed multiple attacks including 50 suicide attacks. Today, there are increasing numbers of ethnic jihadi outfits, — consisting mainly of recent converts to Islam, who are in a position to supply “more and more fighters” for the cause.

The situation is getting more complicated by the day. Even as newer outfits such as the Islamic State (IS) and the Jabhat-al-Nusra in Syria/Iraq are gaining ground by adopting more violent methods and techniques, older outfits are reinventing themselves and becoming more sanguinary; 18th century ideologies not only drive the IS/al-Nusra, but also the different affiliates of the al-Qaeda such as the Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), the Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab. For example, in terms of lethality, the AQAP has eclipsed the original al-Qaeda. Atrocities committed by the IS are described by the United Nations as “beyond inhumane”. Earlier distinctions between “infidels” and “believers” (including those belonging to other Abrahamic religions are becoming blurred. Nearer home, the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) in Pakistan is reportedly preparing for another devastating attack on Indian targets. In Afghanistan, the Haqqani network continues to plan attacks on Indian missions.

Mindless violence

The recent series of barbaric attacks, from Pakistan to Australia to Europe to North Africa, confirm that “mindless” violence remains the staple of most groups. In November 2014, a suicide bomber belonging to the Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) killed 60 Pakistanis on the Wagah border. In December, TTP was behind the killing of over 140 people which included 132 children at an army school in Peshawar. Three persons were killed in a terrorist attack in Sydney in mid-December 2014. And in January 2015, a group of terrorists in Paris massacred 12 people at the office of the French satirical magazine, Charlie Hebdo; in this case, each of the targets was identified by name.

Africa too has not been spared and is witnessing a resurgence in jihadi-linked violence. In September 2013, the Somali-based Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the killing of 67 people in a shopping mall in Nairobi. In January this year, the Boko Haram carried out the “deadliest massacre” in its history, reportedly killing over 2,000 people in attacks on Baga and surrounding towns, in Nigeria. In April, in Kenya, al-Shabaab gunmen killed 147 students (mainly Christians) following a siege at the Garisa University College campus.

Yemen has become a major staging post for many al-Qaeda programmed actions. The intense Shia-Sunni conflict in Yemen provides many opportunities for unbridled savagery. For example, on March 21, in Sana'a, four suicide bombers blew themselves up during Friday prayers at two Shia mosques, killing at least 137 people and injuring 350 others. Southern Yemen has emerged as a key centre for the AQAP, from where it has planned several attacks on Western targets, and is said to be planning several more. Yemen today is an embodiment of a “failed State”, which provides facilities for terrorist outfits of different persuasions to engage in terrorist violence.

Note: This article may be ask in upcoming exam like as an Essay, Reading Comprehension.This is latest and most important topic.

Focus on this topic. All the best.

Read more »